CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
特殊儿童

•      ADHD – Attention Deficit  Hyperactive Disorder 过动儿，集中力面对问题        

•      Dyslexia – A problem with reading, spelling and speaking. 阅读，听写与表达

面对问题

•      Dysplexia – A problem in the speech and oral area of the brain. 语言障碍

•      A S D   –   Autism Spectrum Disorder (Including  Asperger Syndrome)   自闭症(轻微自闭症）

Generally , poor in social skills ,poor in educational and organizational skills

and time  management. 社交技能，教育和组织能力和时间管理差。

•      Poor in  social skill; have difficulties in waiting for things they want  and have short patience during games. 社交技能差;并在游戏期间缺乏耐性。

•      Poor in education   –   problems with school work and have trouble in completing homework and assignments.

教育能力差  -  与学校功课中问题，并在完成功课时面对问题。

•      Poor in organization skill   –  unable to follow instructions and planning, becomes easily confused and has difficulty in processing information.

       组织技能差  -  无法遵循指示和规划计划，容易混淆，并在处理信息面对难度。

•      Poor in time management   –  difficulty with time keeping and the concept of time.

       时间管理差  -  随着时间的推移保持和时间的概念的难度。

ATTENTION DEFICIT  HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

注意力多动障碍

•      The children who have common problems and social skills in school are :-

孩子有共同的问题和社会技巧

•      ADHD – ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER  注意力多动障碍

•      Symptoms :- 特征

         - Inattention, hyperactive and impulsive are the key behavior of ADHD

                注意力不集中，多动和冲动是ADHD的关键行为 。                                

 - Easily distracted, miss details, forget things, have difficulty in focusing on one thing.

   容易分心，错过细节，忘东西，集中在一件事情上面对困难。

              -  Struggle to follow instruction. 不肯遵循指示。

-  Have trouble sitting still during dinner, school lessons and story time.

坐立不安（在晚餐时间，学校期间，听故事期间）。

WHAT IS ADHD
什么是过动儿?

•      Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 注意力多动障碍。

•      It is a medical condition involving BRAIN dysfunction . 这是一个脑功能障碍。

•      Symptoms of ADHD 过动儿特征 :-

     -   Inattention  注意力不集中

     -   Hyperactivity 多动症

     -   Impulsivity 冲动

INATTENTION
注意力不集中

•      Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.

     不用心听讲别人说话。

•      Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities.

     经常在组织任务和活动面对困难。

•      Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork and other activities.

     往往不能给予密切注意于细节功课和其他活动中犯错。

•      Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork.

     往往不配合的指示，不能完成学业。

HYPERACTIVITY
多动

•      Often runs  &  climbs about   (feelings of restlessness). 时常奔跑与跳动(坐立不安)

•      Often cannot sit still. 不能稳坐

•      Talks excessively. 很多话讲

IMPULSIVITY 冲动

•      Often blurts out answers before questions have been completed. 经常在问题还没问完时冲说出他要的答案。

•      Often has difficulty waiting their turn  (very impatient). 经常在等待次序会面对困难很不耐烦）。

•      Often interferes on others  (e.g. butts into conversations or games). 通常干扰（切入谈话或游戏）。

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ADHD-LIKE BEHAVIOR
过动儿的类似行为的原因

•      A sudden change in the child’s life – the death of a parent  or parents’  divorce.

       孩子的生活突然巨变  -  父母死亡或父母离婚。

•      A middle ear infection that causes intermittent hearing problem.

      中耳感染导致间歇性的听觉问题。

•      Medical disorders that may affect brain functioning .  (Very high fever during a child’s development)

      内科疾病可能影响大脑功能。 （儿童的发展时期面对高烧）

•      Complications during  childbirth  分娩并发症

•      Accidents  -   especially  head injury   意外 - 尤其是头部受伤

•       Childhood Trauma  (from Birth to 18 years old)  童年创伤（从出生到十八岁）

•      Anxiety  or depression  焦虑或抑郁

SOME OF THE MAIN EFFECTS OF ADHD
一些过动儿的主要影响

•      Living for the moment – like to have fun most of the time. 活在此刻 – 大多数最喜欢游戏人间的时间。

•      Poor Organizational skills. 组织能力差

•      Lack of Social Skills- Inability to read social clues. 社会技能  -  缺乏阅读社会肢体语言线索技能

•      Frustration and intolerance – Inflexibility or rigid. 挫折和不容忍及礼让 – 不够弹性 和 僵硬

•      Risk taking or thrill seeking behaviors ( e.g .car racing). 冒险或寻求刺激的行为（如赛车）。

•      Unable to pay attention  无法集中精神

•      Lying, stealing and blaming others.  欺骗，偷窃及诬赖别人。

THE  3  IMPACTS  IN ADHD
过动儿三大影响

•      Education Impact       教育影响

•      Behavioral Impact      行为影响

•      Social Impact               社交影响

EDUCATIONAL  IMPACT 教育影响

•      Work too slow or too fast 动作太慢

•      Forgets instructions 忽略指示

•      Lazy  or  stupid 懒惰与愚笨

•      Always leave things to last minutes 临时抱佛脚

•      Difficulty in completing tasks 在完成任务是面对困难

BEHAVIORAL  IMPACT
 行为影响

•      Demanding  过份要求

•      Lacks self-control  没有自制能力

•      Talks more than others  比别人多话

•      Disruptive and accident prone 破坏性和容易发生事故

•      Easily distracted and has good and bad days  容易分心和有心境好和坏的日子

SOCIAL  IMPACT
 社交影响

•      Selfish and egocentric 自私及自尊心强

•      Anxious, rude and insensitive 忧郁，没有礼貌，不敏感

•      Immature 幼智

•      Depressed 悲哀

•      Low self-esteem 低自尊

•      Withdrawn 封闭自己

•      Inability to feel for others 不顾别人感受

•      Doesn’t take turns  不轮流

ADHD DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDER
过动儿的破坏性行为障碍

•      Substance abuse  (drug , gambling, drinking) 吸毒，赌博，酗酒

•      Bipolar disorder (BPD)  –  irritability in mood, uncontrolled anger  (after 7 years old ). 情续波动障碍（BPD）,在心情烦躁不安，失控的愤怒

•      Anxiety  –  Social phobia & separation anxiety. 焦虑 - 社交恐惧症及分离焦虑

•      Depression  –  low self-esteem, academic, social & athletic (clumsy) frustration. 抑郁症 - 低自尊，学术，社会及体育（笨拙）挫折。

•      Impulsive disorder  –  often act on impulse without thinking. 激动障碍 - 往往不加思索地冲动行事  .

CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS – DYSLEXIA
特殊儿童：阅读障碍

•      DYSLEXIA   :-阅读障碍

•      Is a learning disorder that manifest itself as a difficulty with reading and spelling. 阅读与拼读面对问题

•      Difficulty with organization skill. 组织技巧差。

•      Poor in Social Skills. 社交技巧差。

•      Poor in writing 书写能力差.

•      Reverse vision in alphabets and numbers. 反向字母和数字的看法。

SYMPTOMS OF DYSLEXIA
阅读障碍的特征

•      Poor in problem solving in mathematics  在解决数学问题时有困难

•      Problem with sequencing :-    in multiplication , division, time , money, spelling , days and month.  数学排序面对问题：如 加减乘除，时间，金钱，拼读，月，年，日

•      Poor short term memory   短暂记忆力差

•      PROBLEM :- 问题

•      Social & emotional problem – poor self image ,lack of confidence  & bullying in school. 社会及情绪问题 - 自我形象差，缺乏信心和在校园内饱受欺凌。

•      Anti social ,depression, aggression ,mood  disorder & cognitive limitation. 抗拒社会，抑郁，攻击性，情绪障碍与认知局限.

LEARNING  DISORDER

•      Learning disorders affect 3-10%

•      Low self-esteem, diminished motivation, loss of interest in school & problem in social functioning, & academic difficulties.

•      Interfere with life skills, sport activities, & relationships.

•      Numerous factors can affect the proper development of the brain, including maternal stress during pregnancy, traumatic birth, poor diet, & sedentary lifestyle.

                       

Pressure on the brainstem can cause:-

-learning disorders

-dyslexia

-ADHD

-autism

-dizziness

-alter heart function

-headaches & migraines

-high/low blood pressure

GOOD STRATEGY
好方法

•      Family, school and social support are very important for the child’s growth. 家庭，学校和社会的支持是对孩子的成长十分重要。

•      The home is very important because home environment and family are the main support base for a healthy child’s growth.  家庭是非常重要的，因为家庭环境和家庭是一个给健康的孩子成长的主要支持基础。

•      Happy marriage and happy divorce will be the best gifts for the children.  婚姻幸福，和平离婚将献给孩子最佳的礼物。

•      Secure attachment  (good impact) –child very independent & emotionally would be more stable.  安全感（良好）的影响，孩子很独立和情感上会更稳定。

•      Good parenting style :-   AUTHORITATIVE   (more balance & acceptance). 为人父母的态度： - 权威（更多平衡与接纳）

•      Good communication skill  :-  CONGRUENT

良好的沟通技巧： -   一致性

 In conversation - take care of self。 在谈话中  -  以自我和环境照顾，

              & context  to accept self . 和 接受自我

              (parents’ perceptions or expectations), （父母的观念或期望）

              others (child’s feeling) . 其他（孩子的感觉）

              and context (right timing & environment). （对的时机及环境）。

•      Input good early programming  输入良好的早期编程

•      Don’t over control 不要过度控制

•      Build confidence in child 建立孩子的信心

•      Special dietary consideration may be needed. 特别膳食需要

•      Participate in extracuriccular in school or outside school activities : Eg sports club, art class, music course, chess club, dance and drama, National Service, survival camp, First Aid Program and etc to learn extra skills in order to boost up their confident level.
参加学校或学校活动以外的额外的活动：如体育俱乐部，美术班，音乐班，国际象棋俱乐部，舞蹈和戏剧，服务全国，生存训练营，急救课程等学习额外的技能，以提高他们的自信水平。

•      In extracuriccular activities, children will learn :-

           孩子们可以学习到：

- Learn something new other than school structure program.  学习到在学校以外的新东西

- Time management  时间管理

- Communication skills  沟通技巧

- Planning, Problem solving  沟通技巧

- Organization skill  规划，解决问题

- Teamwork  合作精神

- Creativity  创意

- Special children can learn special social & communication skills in this environment  that  can help them overcome their shy  & withdrawn behavior.  特殊儿童学习社会及沟通技巧在这样的环境，可以 帮助他们克服害羞和自我封闭 的行为。