C.H.R.I.S.S Special Education

How to improve the relationship between parents and children

如何改善父母和青少年的关系

Adolescent 青少年

Growth change 青少年成长变化

•         Biological 生理– Hormonal change 荷尔蒙变化

•         Social 社交– peer pressure 容易受到朋友影响

•         Psychological change 心理– change in mood 情绪波动

What is adolescent? 什么是青少年？

•         Age 10 to 20 years old between childhood and maturity

青少年成长期十岁到二十岁

Adolescent Problem

Identity

Ø  the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known as. 个性特征

Sexuality

Ø  Gender identity is how a person identifies him/her self in terms of their gender.  性别特征

Adolescent grow / age

Ø The home is very important because home environment and family have great impact on the mind development of teenagers for the future family. 家是非常重要的，因为家庭环境和家庭对青少年思想的发展产生极大影响。

Ø Happy marriage and happy divorce will be the best gifts for the children. 幸福的婚姻，开怀的离婚将用于儿童最好的礼物

Children with special needs 特殊孩子

Generally,poor in social skills,poor in educational and organizational skills and time management.

大部分社交技能差，组织技能和时间管理

Ø poor in social skill - have difficulties in waiting for things they want and have short patience during games.

社交技能差 – 他们在等待事务和游戏中轮候是面对困难。

Ø poor in education - problems with school work and have trouble in completing homework and assignments.

学习能力差-在完成家庭作业和和功课是面对困难。

Ø poor in organization skill  - unable to follow instructions and planning,becomes easily confused and has difficulty in processing information.

组织技能差 – 他们无法遵循指示，容易混淆，难以处理信息和规划 。          

Ø poor in time management - difficult with time keeping and concept of time.

时间管理不善 – 他们难以维持时间和时间概念。

The children who have common problem in school and social skill are:

面对学习和社会问题的儿童是：

•          ADHD-Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

•         Symptoms :

•          Inattention,hyperactive and impulsive are the key behavior of ADHD.

注意力不集中，多动，冲动是ADHD的关键行为。

•         Easily distracted,miss details,  forget things,have difficulty in focusing on one thing.

很容易分心，错过细节，忘了东西和很难集中精神。

•         Struggle to follow instruction

抗拒服从指令。

•         Have trouble sitting still during dinner,school lessons and story time.

坐立不定

•         Dyslexia 诵读困难

•         Is a learning disorder that manifests itself as a difficulty with reading and spelling.

是一个学习障碍，一个有阅读和拼写困难的问题。

•         Difficult with organization skill

组织技巧面对困难

•         Poor in social skill

社交技巧 差

•         Poor in writing

书写能力差

•         Reverse vision in alphabets and numbers

逆向字母和数字

•         ADHD   –  Attention Deficit  Hyperactive

                         Disorder 过动儿，集中力面对问题       

•         Dyslexia – A problem with reading, spelling 

                        and speaking. 阅读，听写与表达 面对问题

•         Dysplexia – A problem in the speech and oral     

                          area of the brain. 语言障碍

•         A S D   –   Autism Spectrum Disorder 

                        (Including  Asperger Syndrome) 自闭症(轻微自闭症）

What is ADHD
什么是过动儿?

•         Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

    注意力多动障碍。

•         It is a medical condition involving BRAIN dysfunction .

     这是一个脑功能障碍。

•         Symptoms of ADHD 过动儿特征 :-

     -   Inattention  注意力不集中

     -   Hyperactivity 多动症

     -   Impulsivity 冲动

INATTENTION
注意力不集中

•         Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.

不用心听讲别人说话。

•         Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities.

经常在组织任务和活动面对困难。

•         Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork and other activities.

往往不能给予密切注意于细节功课和其他活动中犯错。

•         Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork

往往不配合的指示，不能完成学业。

HYPERACTIVITY
多动

•         Often runs  &  climbs about   (feelings of restlessness). 时常奔跑与跳动(坐立不安)

•         Often cannot sit still. 不能稳坐

•         Talks excessively. 很多话讲

IMPULSIVITY 冲动

•         Often blurts out answers before questions have been completed.

经常在问题还没问完时冲说出他要的答案。

•         Often has difficulty waiting their turn  (very impatient).

经常在等待次序会面对困难很不耐烦）。

•         Often interferes on others  (e.g. butts into conversations or games).

通常干扰（切入谈话或游戏）。

Possible causes of ADHD-like behavior
过动儿的类似行为的原因

•         A sudden change in the child’s life – the death of a parent  or parents’  divorce.

孩子的生活突然巨变  -  父母死亡或父母离婚。

•         A middle ear infection that causes intermittent hearing problem.

中耳感染导致间歇性的听觉问题。

•         Medical disorders that may affect brain functioning .  (Very high fever during a child’s development)

内科疾病可能影响大脑功能。 （儿童的发展时期面对高烧）

•         Complications during  childbirth  分娩并发症

•         Accidents  -   especially  head injury   意外 - 尤其是头部受伤

•         Childhood Trauma  (from Birth to 18 years old)  童年创伤（从出生到十八岁）

•         Anxiety  or depression  焦虑或抑郁

Some of the main effects of ADHD
一些过动儿的主要影响

•         Living for the moment – like to have fun most of the time.

      活在此刻 – 大多数最喜欢游戏人间的时间。

•         Poor Organizational skills. 组织能力差

•         Lack of Social Skills- Inability to read social clues

社会技能  -  缺乏阅读社会肢体语言线索技能

•         Frustration and intolerance – Inflexibility  or  rigid

挫折和不容忍及礼让 – 不够弹性 和 僵硬

•         Risk taking or thrill seeking behaviors ( e.g .car racing) .

冒险或寻求刺激的行为（如赛车）。

•         Unable to pay attention  无法集中精神

•         Lying, stealing and blaming others.  欺骗，偷窃及诬赖别人。

THE  3  IMPACTS  IN ADHD
过动儿三大影响

•         Education Impact       教育影响

•         Behavioral Impact      行为影响

•         Social Impact               社交影响

EDUCATIONAL  IMPACT
 教育影响

•         Work too slow or too fast 动作太慢

•         Forgets instructions 忽略指示

•         Lazy  or  stupid 懒惰与愚笨

•         Always leave things to last minutes 临时抱佛脚

•         Difficulty in completing tasks 在完成任务是面对困难

BEHAVIORAL  IMPACT
 行为影响

•         Demanding  过份要求

•         Lacks self-control  没有自制能力

•         Talks more than others  比别人多话

•         Disruptive and accident prone 破坏性和容易发生事故

•         Easily distracted and has good and bad days  容易分心和有心境好和坏的日子

SOCIAL  IMPACT
 社交影响

•         Selfish and egocentric 自私及自尊心强

•         Anxious, rude and insensitive 忧郁，没有礼貌，不敏感

•         Immature 幼智

•         Depressed 悲哀

•         Low self-esteem 低自尊

•         Withdrawn 封闭自己

•         Inability to feel for others 不顾别人感受

•         Doesn’t take turns  不轮流

Symptoms of DYSLEXIA
阅读障碍的特征

•         Poor in problem solving in mathematics  在解决数学问题时有困难

•         Problem with sequencing :-    in multiplication , division, time , money, spelling , days and month

数学排序面对问题：如 加减乘除，时间，金钱，拼读，月，年，日

•         Poor short term memory   短暂记忆力差

•         PROBLEM :- 问题

•         Social & emotional problem – poor self image ,lack of _confidence  & bullying in school.

社会及情绪问题 - 自我形象差，缺乏信心和在校园内饱受欺凌。

•         Anti social ,depression, aggression ,mood  disorder & cognitive limitation.

抗拒社会，抑郁，攻击性，情绪障碍与认知局限.

              

Attachment 互相依赖

Secure Attachment 安全性依赖 - from infant stage develop secure base from mother to explore new environment.婴儿期时得到母亲安全的依赖。

Ø  Good impact: child very independent and emotionally would be more stable.

良好的影响：孩子很独立，情感上会更稳定。

Insecure attachment 不安全性依赖– infant avoid resistance towards caregiver and may develop separation anxiety in later stage.婴儿抗拒照顾者会导致分离焦虑的问题。

Ø  Problem: crying baby,difficult in relationship when grow up.

问题:哭闹，很难与别人建立关系。

Parenting Style
父母的教育方式

u Indulgent 放纵 :孩子拉着父母走。

u Problem: Immature 不成熟，任性，不顾别人的感受。

u  Authoritarian 权威 :父母硬拉着孩子走。

u Problem: Become a bully 欺压别人，暴躁。

u  Neglect 忽略 : 孩子与父母分开脚步走。

u Problem: Cannot form close relationship with others
难以与别人有亲密的相处，性格不稳定.

u Authoritative :Balance 平衡。父母与孩子同脚步一起走。

u Good strategy :ACCEPTANCE 接纳

父母应该用爱心和耐心去引导孩子和用平常心去接纳孩子们的优点与缺点，陪伴孩子们一起成长。

Case study

When a child having temperamental can’t go out late at night：

当母亲不让孩子出夜街，孩子的内在反应会是什么？

Behavior 行为 : Moody 不开心

Coping 面对方式: Blaming 指责

Feeling 感受: Angry 生气

Perception from mother 母亲的观点: I’m too young 我太小

Expectation from mother 母亲的期待: I should stay at home 我应该待在家

Yearning 渴望 : Freedom 自由

Self 自己: Confused and not connected 迷失自我

Adolescent’s yearning : Freedom 青少年的渴望：自由

u  To see 看

u To think 想

u To feel 感受

u To take risk 简单的冒险精神

u To ask 问

GOOD STRATEGY

※ Family,school and support are very important for the child grow.

家庭，学校与社会的支持对青少年的成长非常重要。

※ Input good early programming.

良好的早期教育。

※ Don’t over control.

不要过度控制。

※ Build confidence in child

建立孩子的自信心

※ No power struggle between siblings.【JM & JY case study】

兄弟姐妹之间没有权力斗争。

※ Choice maker.     

 让孩子自己有自己的选择权

※ Participate in extracuriccular in school or outside school activities : Eg sports club, art class, music course, chess club, dance and drama, National Service, survival camp, First Aid Program and etc to learn extra skills in order to boost up their confident level.
   参加学校或学校活动以外的额外的活动：如体育俱乐部，美术班，音乐班，国际象棋俱乐部，舞蹈和戏剧，服务全国，生存训练营，急救课程等学习额外的技能，以提高他们的自信水平。

※  In extracuriccular activities , children will learn :-孩子们可以学习到：

※  Learn something new other than school structure program. 学习到在学校课程以外的新东西

※  Time management  时间管理

※ Communication skills  沟通技巧

※ Planning, Problem solving  布署，问题解决技巧

※ Organization skill  组织能力

※ Teamwork  团队合作精神

※ Creativity  创意

※ Special children can learn special social & communication skills in this environment  that  can help them overcome their shy  & withdrawn behavior.  特殊儿童可在这样的环境学习到帮助他们克服害羞 和自我封闭 行为的社会及沟通技巧。